On the Future of the Olympic Games July 28, 2016
Posted by intellectualgridiron in Sports.Tags: Athens, Atlanta, Australia, Beijing, Berlin, boondoggle, Brazil, Calgary, Canada, commerce, culture, de Janeiro, developed, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Israel, Japan, London, Los Angeles, Munich, Olympics, Park City, Rio, rule of law, Salt Lake, Seoul, Sochi, Summer Games, superior, Sydney, Third World, Tokyo, United States, Vancouver, waste, Whistler, Winter Games
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One example of the ruins of the Olympic venues in Athens from the 2004 Summer Games. This is what happens when the hosting of the Olympics are awarded to countries that are not First World/commerce-oriented.
The train wreck in Rio de Janeiro that continues to unfold as the Summer Olympics are but days away has exposed two large, systemic problems. The obvious one is with Brazil itself. Its economy may have been on the rise in 2009 to the point where it gave enough people the impression that it was becoming part of the developed world. Not long afterwards, political corruption, lack of infrastructure, and a glaring lack of sanitation exposed Brazil as still being Third World and still having a long way to go before it deserves to sit at the grownups table of world affairs (along with the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, Canada, Israel, Australia, possibly France, and the like).
The other systemic issue at play is with the Olympic Games themselves. Simply put, they are huge, and very expensive to stage. Even 40 years ago, things almost reached a tipping point. The city of Montreal hosted the 1976 Summer Olympics, only to be $1.5 Billion in debt afterwards. It took that city almost 30 years to pay it off. Indeed, few cities wanted to host the Games after that. Sure, Moscow jumped at the chance four years later, because to a Communist nation, money is no object when it comes to propaganda.
Peter Ueberroth and the Los Angeles organizing committee for 1984 revolutionized how the Games were financed when he persuaded the International Olympic Committee to allow corporate sponsorship. It saved the Games for another 30 years.
Now, the Games have grown even bigger still, to the point where they are too expensive for new cities to host the Games. Sure, Putin and the Russian government seemed more than willing to turn Sochi into a $51 Billion (with a ‘B’) boondoggle, because, again, at what price propaganda?
Beijing was the only viable city that wanted to host the Winter Olympics for 2022. The IOC was certainly were not going to give the Winter Games to Kazakhstan, for goodness sake. It is a sad commentary on the susceptibility of the IOC to a bribe that so few viable countries and cities thereof even put in bids for the 2022 Winter Games in the first place.
That aside, one thing is for certain: the Olympics are so huge and such a big deal that only commerce-oriented (read: First World, developed) countries are built and, indeed, fit to host the Games.
Yet, there is this politically-correct mantra out there, saying that everyone deserves a chance, but grownups will tell you that is pure poppycock. The truth is, most nations and even whole continents are not built to handle and host the Olympics. That includes Africa (with the possible exception of Johannesburg), South America (as we are currently seeing now), the Middle East (outside of Israel), and central and Southeast Asia.
Even some countries in otherwise developed regions are more than suspect. Remember Athens in 2004? The Greeks built all those state-of-the-art facilities only to let them go to ruin a decade later. Yes, it sounded wonderful for the Olympics to be hosted in the ancient birthplace of the Games themselves, but the huge problem was that Greece is anything but commerce-oriented, which speaks to a culturally systemic problem in Greece itself.
One aspect of this systemic issue is that a city that wants to host the Games for the first time has to spend billions of dollars to build new facilities from scratch. In this day and age, even with corporate sponsorship and in some cases, state-supported funding, that is no longer economically viable.
The solution is to start cycling the Games around to cities that meet certain criteria. They are:
1.) Be situated in a commerce-oriented country (i.e., one of the aforementioned “grownup” countries). Not all cultures are equal. Some cultures are superior to others. A hallmark of this cultural supremacy is a culture that itself is commerce-oriented, that respects the rule of law and property rights of the individual, that frowns on black markets, and puts a premium on democratic governments and transparency within. Not to mention, superior cultures minimize corruption in government, at least compared to more corrupt Third World nations. These sorts of countries also have free presses (to varying extents; France is suspect in this regard) that can call wayward politicians into account for any malfeasance.
Commerce-oriented countries also have the necessary infrastructure for such massive undertakings as the Games. This includes transportation (e.g., airports and expressways), not to mention a sufficient amount of clean, comfortable, available hotel rooms to handle the crush of spectators attending said Games.
2.) Be a city big enough that it already has the aforementioned infrastructure in place. This applies to cities that have never hosted a previous Olympics.
3.) This is the big one: ideally, be a city that has already hosted the Games, and has proven to do so exceptionally well.
Indeed, for the Olympics to remain doable in the future, the way to go is to starting cycling them around to cities (and, by extension, their countries) that have proven capable of hosting the Olympics well. The IOC seems to be inching towards this already, however gradually. London just hosted its Olympic Games for the third time, most recently in 2012. Tokyo — another excellent choice on the part of the IOC — will host the 2020 Summer Games. Los Angeles is currently bidding to host the Summer Games for 2024.
For these cities, the venues/facilities are already built. Maybe a little renovation or generally sprucing up might be in place, but such expenditures pale in comparison to building everything from scratch. Los Angeles, for example, has but one additional facility to build (for rowing and kayaking) and it’s all set.
Think about it from the Winter Games perspective. Sure, a nearby, mountainous ski resort town can handle the alpine skiing events (Salt Lake had Park City, Vancouver had Whistler), but you still need to build a sliding sports track. That alone costs between $50-100 Million, and then there is the necessary ski jumping tower, etc., etc. Economically, it makes sense to host the Games in cities have already hosted them, and hosted them well.
One could cycle the Winter Games from Salt Lake City to, say, Munich (they have a sliding sports track at nearby Koenigssee), then Calgary and/or Vancouver. What’s not to love?
Similarly, a Summer Games cycle of Los Angeles, London, Sydney, Atlanta, Tokyo, and Munich/Berlin would work just fine. Seoul would be a viable cycle candidate as well.
Either we start doing this, or we encourage cities to continue to engage in multi-billion-dollar boondoggles to build athletic venues that rarely get used again, like those in Athens (indeed, what shall become of Rio’s many facilities after these upcoming Games are concluded?).
So, which is it going to be? Cycling the Games around to proven cities/countries, or more wasteful boondoggles?
Dinosaur tracks found in Australia August 24, 2011
Posted by intellectualgridiron in Science.Tags: Antarctica, Australia, continents, dinosaur, Dinosaur Dreaming, Downunder, Emory University, fossil, Hadrosaur, Mesozoic, Therapod, trace fossil, track
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Australia is traditionally a relatively latecomer when it comes to dinosaur discoveries. The first dinosaurs discovered were Iguanodon and Megalosaurus in England in the early 1820s. We found herds of Hadrosaurs outside of Philadelphia in the 1840s (the significant finds out west started in the 1870s). Compared to all that, the first dino finds Downunder not coming until the 1900s and 1930s seem quite recent. It does not help things that Australia, even during the Age of Reptiles, did not have all of its land accessible to dinosaurs, as much of the present-day continent was covered by a shallow sea. But it also was connected to both Antarctica and South America during this era, and as such, the part of Australia not covered by said shallow sea (try saying that three times fast!) was a crossroads of sorts for a number of species.
Despite the decent diversity of dinosaurs found in Australia, the actual number of species found Downunder are relatively few, for a number of geological reasons, one of which has already been mentioned. But any dino discovery in Australia is significant because of its crossroads status, but also because it can give us clues to dinosaur migratory patterns as well as potential behavioral patterns during a unique time of when A) Australia was located further south than it is today, and B) despite the southern part of the continent’s almost polar latitudinal position during this time, a huge saving grace was that a major warming period occured at that same period, about 105 million years ago.
Hence the significance of the discovery of dino tracks along the coastline of Victoria dating to that time. A research team led by Emory University Paleontologist Anthony Martin discovered what appear to be Therapod tracks from Australia’s polar period. Keep in mind that dinosaurs were not discovered in Antarctica until the late 1980s — pre-dating the ground-breaking documentary on dinos hosted by Christopher Reeve in 1985. But given that geologists surmised that the continents were at one time joined together, there were thoughts that finding dino fossils at the bottom of the world would be a matter of time.
Martin also found the first dinosaur trace fossils of a burrow in Australia back in 2006, so his track record for these finds is well-established. This current find was in a location called Dinosaur Dreaming. With a name like that, it sounds like Paleontologists ought to do more digging in that point on the map!
